the sun

The Sun

Observation data
Mean distance from Earth	1.496×1011 m 8.31 min at light speed
Visual brightness (V)	−26.74m [1]
Absolute magnitude	4.83m [1]
Spectral classification	G2V
Metallicity	Z = 0.0177[2]
Angular size	31.6′ - 32.7′ [3]
Adjectives	solar
Orbital characteristics
Mean distance from Milky Way core	~2.5×1020 m 26 000 light-years
Galactic period	(2.25–2.50)×108 a
Velocity	~2.20×105 m/s (orbit around the center of the Galaxy) ~2×104 m/s (relative to average velocity of other stars in stellar neighborhood)
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter	1.392×109 m [1] 109 Earths
Equatorial radius	6.955×108 m [4] 109 × Earth[4]
Equatorial circumference	4.379×109 m [4] 109 × Earth[4]
Flattening	9×10−6
Surface area	6.0877×1018 m² [4] 11 990 × Earth[4]
Volume	1.4122×1027 m³ [4] 1 300 000 Earths
Mass	1.9891 ×1030 kg[1] 332 946 Earths
Average density	1.408 ×103 kg/m³[4][1][5]
Different Densities	Core: 1.5×105 kg/m³ lower Photosphere: 2×10-4 kg/m³ lower Cromosphere: 5×10-6 kg/m³ Avg. Corona: 10×10-12kg/m³[6]
Equatorial surface gravity	274.0 m/s2 [1] 27.94 g 28 × Earth surface gravity[4]
Escape velocity (from the surface)	617.7 km/s [4] 55 × Earth[4]
Temperature of surface (effective)	5 778 K [1]
Temperature of corona	~5×106 K
Temperature of core	~15.7×106 K [1]
Luminosity (Lsol)	3.846×1026 W [1] ~3.75×1028 lm ~98 lm/W efficacy
Mean Intensity (Isol)	2.009×107 W m-2 sr-1
Rotation characteristics
Obliquity	7.25° [1] (to the ecliptic) 67.23° (to the galactic plane)
Right ascension of North pole[7]	286.13° 19 h 4 min 30 s
Declination of North pole	+63.87° 63°52' North
Sidereal Rotation period (at 16° latitude)	25.38 days [1] 25 d 9 h 7 min 13 s[7]
(at equator)	25.05 days [1]
(at poles)	34.3 days [1]
Rotation velocity (at equator)	7.284 ×103 km/h
Photospheric composition (by mass)
Hydrogen	73.46 %[8]
Helium	24.85 %
Oxygen	0.77 %
Carbon	0.29 %
Iron	0.16 %
Sulfur	0.12 %
Neon	0.12 %
Nitrogen	0.09 %
Silicon	0.07 %
Magnesium	0.05 %
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